Acupuncture at Tai chong (LR3), Kun lun (BL60), Tai xi (KI3), Shen mai (BL62), San yin jiao (SP6) and Hou xi (SI3) on the affected side and bilateral Chi ze (LU5), Qu chi (LI11) and Shou san li (LI10) and femoral nerve block achieves remarkable analgesic effects after total knee arthroplasty as well as beneficial effects of the joint function recovery. This combined therapy is more favorable in safety and adverse reactions (4).

Acupuncture at Tai xi (KI3) can activate 20 neural areas in elderly patients with mild cognitive decline, mainly cognition related areas. Some of these areas were lit up in healthy controls, but those related to cognition were more strongly associated with those patients with mild cognitive impairment (5). 

Further research found, ‘Acupuncture at [Tai xi] has a specific effect on certain brain regions associated with perception, body movement, spirit, and association. Additionally, visual and auditory cortices were affected, which may be related to the clinical applications of KI3 acupuncture in auditory and cognitive disorders, hypomnesis, loss of concentration, and the loss of ability to work and learn (6).

The most commonly used points, in Alzheimer’s Disease, in order, are Bai hui (DU20), Zu san li (ST36), Si shen cong (EX-HN 1), Tai xi (KI3), San yin jiao (SP6), and Nei guan (PC6), with Tai xi often being combined with San yin jiao and Bai hui (7). Best results are obtained when acupuncture is combined with medication or electroacupuncture is used. 

Electroacupuncture at Bai hui (DU20), Tai xi (KI3) and Zu san li (ST36) significantly reduced the number of activated glial cells and the ultrastructure returned to almost normal in rats with Alzheimer’s disease (8)

Acupuncture at Sishencong (Ex-HN 1), Shenmen (HT 7) and Taixi (Kl 3), for a month, reduced gnosia in mild to moderate cases of senile dementia (9). 

Tai xi, with Guan yuan (REN4) and Qi hai (REN4) plus points in the yang ming meridian were used for patients with post stroke motor function issues in the sequelae phase. Whilst yangming points were used in the flaccid stage and yang ming plus points in the antagonistic muscle and the tendon of spastic dominant muscle during spastic paralysis. This staged approach to post stroke recovery, with rehabilitation therapy, was more effective than conventional acupuncture and rehabilitation or rehabilitation on its own (10). 

Acupuncture can not only help with the physicality of post stroke rehabilitation, but with Bai hui (DU20), Si shen cong (EX-HN1), Nei guan (PC6), He gu (LI4), Tai xi (KI3), can also effectively reduce morbidity of post stroke depression (11). 

Another post stroke recovery study found that acupuncture with manipulation, with the main points at Bai hui (DU20), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3), Xue hai (SP10), benefits vs acupuncture without manipulation would depend on the type of stroke with partial anterior circulation infarct, posterior circulation infarction responding the best, total anterior circulation infarction showing good short term effects, but equalizing with after a year and lacuna infarctions responding similarly regardless of manipulation or not (12). 

Acupuncture at San yin jiao (SP6) and Tai xi (KI3) on the musculus extensor side then, with the strengthening technique, at Jie xi (ST41), Shen mai (BL62) and Yang ling quan (GB34) on musculus flexor side was more effective and efficient than conventional acupuncture for patients with drop foot and strephenopodia after stroke (13). 

Acupuncture, primarily at Xue hai (SP10), Tai xi (KI3), Feng long (ST40), Yin ling quan (SP9), Zu san li (ST36), combined with medication, is superior to medication alone for brain edema when used as an early intervention in traumatic intracerebral hematoma. Acupuncture with medication speeds up the healing from edema and improves prognosis, this is likely due to the reduced inflammatory markers also observed; namely plasma interleukin-6, neuropeptide Y and nitric oxide (14)

Acupuncture at 13 points of the Governor Vessel, Shen shu (BL23), Tai xi (KI3), Yang ling quan (GB34), Zu san li (ST36) and San yin jiao (SP6), Shen ting (DU24) Qian ding (DU21), Bai hui (DU20), and Si shen cong (Ex-HN 1) combined with rehabilitation therapy was better than that alone for children with cerebral palsy. The children in the acupuncture and rehabilitation group also showed more progress in cerebral development and lower levels of nerve damage (15)

Acupuncture at the yin points  Xue hai (SP10), Yin ling quan (SP9), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3) and Tai chong (LR3), or the yang points Fu tu (ST32), Zu san li (ST36), Yang ling quan (GB34), Guang ming (GB37) and Xuan zhong (GB39) can benefit children with spastic cerebral palsy, to a similar degree (16). 

Acupuncture at Tai xi (KI3), Xuan zhong (GB39), He gu (LI4), Tai chong (LR3), and Feng chi (GB20), combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy and medications, is more effective for preventing the encephalopathy post carbon monoxide poisoning than hyperbaric oxygen and medications alone (17). 

Acupuncture, primarily, at Ashi points, Tai chong (LR 3), Nei ting (ST44), Tai xi (KI3), He gu (LI4), Yang xi (LI5), could significantly help patients with toothache (18).

Acupuncture at Baihui (GV 20), Fengchi (GB 20), Tinggong (SI 19), Hegu (LI 4), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Taichong (LR 3), Taixi (KI 3) and Tianshu (ST 25), with medication is more effective for Meniere’s disease than medication alone, leading to a stronger impact on dizziness, hearing and activity (19). 

Acupuncture at Jing ming (BL1) and Qiu hou (EX-HN 7) on the affected side, and the bilateral San yin jiao (SP6) and Tai xi (KI3) can benefit patients with xerosis conjunctivitis, improving tear secretion and tear film repair (20). 

Acupuncture at Shen ting (DU24), Shen men (HT7), Ben shen (GB13), Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3), Guang ming (GB37), Feng chi (GB20), with electroacupuncture at Tong zi liao (GB1) and Yu yao (EX-HN 4), with artificial tears, was also shown to help people with dry eye syndrome; repairing corneal defects and prolonging tear film break-up time, and alleviating the associated anxiety state, all to a better effect than with artificial tears alone (21). 

​​Shang jing ming (Extra), Xia jing ming (Extra), Tong zi liao (GB1), Zan zhu (BL2), Feng chi (GB20), He gu (LI4), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3) and Tai chong (LR3), with electroacupuncture at GB1 and BL2 are also an effective combination for dry eye syndrome (22).

Acupuncture at Zhong wan (REN12), Shang ju xu (ST37), San yin jiao (SP6), Gong sun (SP4), He gu (LI4), Qu chi (LI11), Tai xi (KI3) and Tai chong (LR3), and moxibustion at Tian shu (ST25) and Zu san li (ST36) can relieve anxiety and depression in patients with Chron’s in a mild to moderate remission phase. These benefits could be linked to the regulatory changes observed in the plasma Trp-Kyn metabolic pathway (23).

Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), Gongsun (SP 4) and Taichong (LR 3) with herbal moxa cakes at Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6) and Zhongwan (CV 12) was able to calm Chron’s in the mild and moderate active stage; reducing abdominal pain (degree, frequency, time), diarrhoea (number, shape and frequency), fatigue, anorexia, borborygmus and flatus, fear of cold, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, tenesmus (24).

Acupuncture, with the key points at Tai xi (KI3), Shen men (HT7), Tai chong (LR3) and San yin jiao (SP6), for yin deficiency type 2 diabetes positively regulates  glucose and lipid metabolism. Improvements were seen fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance index , total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-C were reduced obviously and the levels of insulin sensitivity index, index of islet beta-cell function and high-density lipoprotein-C were increased (25). 

Tai xi is an important point for premature ovarian failure, being the 6th most used, in order; Guan yuan (REN4), Shen shu (BL23), San yin jiao (SP6), Zhong ji (REN3), Pi shu (BL20), Tai xi (KI3), local points are also very commonly used. The researchers suggested the mechanisms could be related to, ‘regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovarian axle (HPOA) function, the improvement of the histological morphology of the uterine, the improvement of body immunity through affecting the nerve-endocrine-immune regulation system as well as the regulation of the genetic and protein expressions of the signal pathway relevant with [premature ovarian failure]’ (26).

For further research into Tai xi’s benefit to gynaecological conditions please visit the San yin jiao point. You’ll see that Tai xi, with other points, was shown to regulate luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone, could improve oocyte retrieval rates and fertilization rate in patients with poor ovarian reserve and that treating according to the menstrual phase can improve follicular maldevelopment. 

Acupuncture, alternating between the protocol of Bai hui (DU20), Shen ting (DU24), Guan yuan (REN4), Ben shen (GB13), Huang shu (KI16), Da he (KI12), Luan chao (Extra), Zu san li (ST36), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3) and the protocol of Shen shu (BL23) and Ci liao (BL32) benefitted patients with diminished ovarian reserve leading to evels of FSH, FSH/LH decreased, and the levels of estradiol (E2) and antral follicle count (AFC) increased and a 15% pregnancy rate (27). 

Similarly acupuncture before ovulation at Guan yuan (REN4), Gui lai (ST29), Tai chong (LR3), Tai xi (KI3), Xue hai (SP10), San yin jiao (SP6), Zi gong (EX-CA 1), Yin ling quan (SP9), Zu san li (ST36), Shui dao (ST28), Da he (KI12) and Tian shu (ST25). Followed by acupuncture after ovulation at Ci liao (BL32), Shi qi zhui (EX-B 8), Gan shu (BL18), Shen shu (BL23), Ge shu (BL17) and Pi shu (BL20) benefitted patients with premature ovarian failure. Promoting regular menstruation, effectively regulating serum LH, FSH and E2 and improves the pituitary gland and the ovary endocrine in patients with premature ovarian failure. Such effect may be related to the improvements in the expressions of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α, the inhibition of the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, the recovery of ovarian function and the enhancement of reserve capacity (28).

Acupuncture at Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3), Tai bai (SP3), San yin jiao (SP6), Shen shu (BL23), Gan shu (BL18), Pi shu (BL20), Guan yuan (REN4) is more effective than Bai hui (DU20), Guan yuan (REN4), Shen shu (BL23), Tai xi (KI3), San yin jiao (SP6) for perimenopausal symptoms across clinical scores as well as showing a stronger effect on regulating the hormones; estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (29)

Acupuncture, primarily, at Shen shu (BL23), Guan yuan (REN4), Tai xi (KI3), San yin jiao (SP6), was able to reduce alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT), triglyeride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) significantly, leading to significant improvements to liver injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. This improvement was stronger than polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules (30).

Acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Neiguan (PC 6), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Hegu (LI 4), Taixi (KI 3), Taichong (LR 3) ,Yinlingquan (SP 9), Yanglingquan (GB 34), with moxibustion can significantly increase T lymphocyte subsets CD(3), CD(4), and CD(8) , as well as natural killer cells in patients with colorectal cancer that has metastasized to the liver (31).

Acupuncture, primarily at Qihai (CV 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), can help women with mild to moderate post-partum depression. Moxibustion was also used at back shu points. Clinical and quality of life scores were improved and to a greater extent than oral sertraline hydrochloride dispersible tablets (32).

Electroacupuncture at Tai xi (KI3), Chen shan (BL57), Kun lun (BL60) and Ashi point can reduce pain, tenderness and dysfunction in patients with Achilies tendonitis (33). 

Tai xi is among the 5 most used points for gouty arthritis as well as one of the most commonly used adjunct points (34). 

Tai xi could be a useful addition to a protocol for restless leg syndrome (35)

Acupuncture at Yin tang (extra), Shen men (HT7), He gu (LI4), Tai xi (KI3) and Zhao hai (KI6) can benefit elderly patients with lower back and knee pain, reducing pain scores (36). 

Acupuncture at Wei zhong (BL40) and Tai xi (KI3) with local tui na was able to benefit and could prevent senile osteoporosis. The researchers found acupuncture at these points to be as effective as calcium carbonate supplementation, seeing, ‘the contents of blood phosphorus (for mineral metabolism) decreased, blood bone GLA protein (for bone formation activity) increased and urine DPD (for bone resorption) decreased.’ (37)

Acupuncture at Zu san li (ST36), Yang ling quan (GB34), Cheng shan (BL57), Tai xi (KI3) with rehabilitation training could improve healing post achilles tendon rupture. The combination being stronger than rehabilitation alone improved plantar flexion peak torque, peak torque/body weight and total work (38).

Acupuncture, primarily, at Ge shu (BL17), Wei wan xia shu (EX-B 3), Gan shu (BL18), Pi shu (BL20), Shen shu (BL23), Zu san li (ST36), Tai xi (KI3), Ashi points can benefit patients with diabetic distal symmetric multiple peripheral neuropathy, having a stronger effect than medication on clinical signs of sensory disorder, reflection disturbance and muscle weakness, nerve conduction and clinical curative effect (39). 

Acupuncture, with the key points at Bai hui (DU20), Si shen cong (EX-HN 1), Tai xi (KI3), plus propranolol, after a month of treatment, showed that acupuncture and medication is markedly more effective than medication alone (40). 

Acupuncture at Jian yu (LI15), Bi nao (LI14), Jian liao (SJ14), Qu chi (LI11), Shou san li (LI10), Wai guan (SJ5), Fu tu (ST32), Liang qiu (ST34), Xue hai (SP10), Zu san li (ST36), Shang ju xu (ST37), Xia ju xu (ST39), Yin ling quan (SP9), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3), and the points at the middle of all the dorsal muscles between metacarpal bones. Is effective for post-stroke hand spasm. The addition of electroacupuncture at Wai guan (SJ5) and the middle point of the dorsal muscle between the second and the third metacarpal bones added benefit ontop of the above protocol (41). 

Acupuncture at Lie que (LU7), Chi ze (LU5), Tan zhong (REN17), Feng long (ST40), Zu san li (ST36), and Tai xi (KI3) combined with herbal acupoint application is effective in improving the symptoms, life quality and lung function in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (42).

Tai xi can also be used in cases of bronchial asthma, for instance, ​​Qu chi (LI11), Lie que (LU7), Yu ji (LU10), Nei guan (PC6), Zu san li (ST36), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3) combined with medication was able to reduce the need for medications (25-33% reduction in half of the patients) whilst improving clinical symptoms and pulmonary measures, with some long-term benefits – a reduction of the rate of acute asthma attacks vs medication alone (43).

Another study with the same points reported that, ‘acupuncture is significantly superior to medication in improving the pulmonary function of asthma patients with different states of disease, which is related to its function in regulating activities of the autonomic nervous system.’ As shown by regulation of the heart rate variability (44).

Acupuncture, every other day, at Da zhui (DU14), Fei shu (BL13), Tan zhong (REN17), Ding chuan (EX-B 1), Jian shi (PC5), Zhi gou (SJ6), Tai xi (KI3) and Zu san li (ST36), was compared to seratide for bronchial asthma at the chronic persistent stage. Acupuncture was more effective at improving the clinical signs as well as pulmonary and immune functions;  immunoglobulin IgG, IgM and IgE; peripheral T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper T lymphocytes (CD4+), inhibitory T lymphocytes (CD8+) and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+, maximum pulmonary expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) (45)

Acupuncture, in rats, at Tai xi was able to increase NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and quinone reductase expression in the kidney. These proteins are involved in energy metabolism, the reduction of endogenous quinones, chemoprotection, and electrophilic stress (46). 

Electroacupuncture at Tai xi can increase renal blood flow in renal ischemic rats. This may be related to its ability to decrease the levels of thromboxane A2 (via its vasocontrictive and clotting functions is pro-ischemic) and prostacyclin (as the counter balance to thromboxane A2, is anti-ischemic) (47).

Daily acupuncture, alternating Xin shu (BL15), Gan shu (BL18), Pi shu (BL20), Shen shu (BL23) one day and then Guan yuan (REN4), Zhong ji (REN3), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3) the next, was more effective than daily Sailete tablets, 20 mg, for primary simple premature ejaculation (48)

Tai xi is among the most common points used for erectile dysfunction as well, in order; Guan yuan (REN4), Shen shu (BL23), San yin jiao (SP6), Ming men (DU4), Zu san li (ST36), Zhong ji (REN3), Ci liao (BL32), Qi hai (REN6), Tai xi (KI3) and Tai chong (LR3) (49).

Acupuncture, 3 times a week for 10 session, at Bai hui (DU20) Shen shu (BL23), Tai xi (KI3), An mian (Extra) improves sleep in patients with perimenopausal insomnia; improving sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, hypnotic, daytime dysfunction (50), this was corroborated in another study (51).  

Acupuncture, primarily at Bai hui (DU20), Yin tang (extra), An mian (Extra), He gu (LI4), Shen men (HT7), Tai chong (LR3), Tai xi (KI3), can benefit patients with early-wake perimenopausal insomnia pushing back wake up time and reducing wake up frequency as well as improving sleep time and sleep quality (52)

Tai xi is one of the most commonly used points for insomnia, after Shen men (HT7), San yin jiao (SP6), Tai chong (LR3), Bai hui (DU20), Si shen cong (Ex-HN 1) (53).

Acupuncture, daily for 28 days, at Bai hui (DU20), Wai guan (SJ5), Nei guan (PC6), Wei shu (BL21), Zhong wan (REN12) and Tai xi (KI3), is slightly more effective than Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhaohai (KI 6), Shenmai (BL 62) and Anmian (Extra) for refractory insomnia, notably in terms of sleep latency, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder, daytime function. Both were markedly more effective than estazolam (54).

Acupuncture, every 2 days for 10 sessions, at Yin tang (Extra), Tai xi (KI3), Tai chong (LR3), Yin ling quan (SP9), He gu (LI4), Shen men (HT7), San yin jiao (SP6), Chi ze (LU9), Tai bai (SP3), Nei guan (PC6), can significantly reduce the frequency of nocturia in the vast majority of cases (55). 

Acupuncture at Shu, Mu or Yuan source points decreased serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase levels and significantly improved the  renal index in rats with gout and hyperuricemia. Mu points were the most effective for serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase, followed by Yuan source points. This could show improvements in renal damage (56) 

Electroacupuncture at Tai xi does not benefit heart rate or cardiac sympathetic discharges after acute myocardial infarction (heart attack) (57).

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